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sand martin
The sand martin (''Riparia riparia'') or European sand martin, bank swallow in the Americas, and collared sand martin in South Asia, is a migratory passerine bird in the swallow family. It has a wide range in summer, embracing practically the whole of Europe and the Mediterranean countries, part of northern Asia and also North America. It winters in eastern and southern Africa, South America and South Asia.
==Taxonomy==
This species was first described by Linnaeus in his ''Systema naturae'' in 1758, and originally named ''Hirundo riparia''; the description consisted of the simple ''H() cinerea, gula abdomineque albis''—"an ash-grey swallow, with white throat and belly"—and the type locality was simply given as "Europa". The specific name means "of the riverbank"; it is derived from the Latin ''ripa'' "riverbank".〔
The pale martin of northern India and southeastern China is now usually split as a separate species ''Riparia diluta''. It has paler grey-brown upperparts and a less distinct breast band. It winters in Pakistan and southern India.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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